Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• Technology, Institute of Physical Chemistry, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.10.113 Abstract Highly porous carbon–carbon composite electrodes for the implementation in redox flow battery systems have been synthesized by a novel soft-templating approach. A PAN-based carbon felt was embedded into a

• ; porous electrode; redox flow battery; soft-templating approach; vanadium; Introduction In recent years, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have attracted significant attention as a promising large-scale system for storing excess energy from renewable sources like wind or solar energy [1][2][3]. The

• functional group promotes the VO2+/VO2+ redox reaction the most [18]. The application of templates is a commonly used strategy to introduce porosity into carbon materials. Depending on the utilized template one can distinguish between a hard-templating and a soft-templating approach [19]. In both cases, the

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• structural directing agents (SDAs) [97][98]. This way, the final material corresponds to the negative replica of the SDA. There are two principal templating methods: hard templating (or nanocasting) and soft templating [97]. Hard templating involves an exotemplating approach, where the precursor solidifies

• within the solid SDA. In soft-templating, an endotemplating approach is used where the precursor starts to solidify around the porogens (which remain in the liquid state). Regarding the hard-templating route, the preparation of titanium structures on block copolymer films has been recently reported

• leaving the PEO domains visible (and forming a porous structure). Analogous results were also obtained for cobalt onto PS-b-PEO [100]. Concerning the soft-templating route, usually the most diffuse porogens used are surfactants: small molecules characterized by having both polar (head) and apolar (tail

Polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) copolymers as templates for stacked, spherical large-mesopore silica coatings: dependence of silica pore size on the PS/PEO ratio

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Giuliana Magnacca,
• Sushilkumar A. Jadhav and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1454–1460, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.137

• ; mesoporous silica; soft templating; sol–gel; Introduction Mesoporous materials with large, tunable porosity are currently being investigated as selective molecular sieves, finding potential applications in many fields such as catalysis, encapsulation of proteins, filtration and separation of large molecules

• -coating deposition, is the easiest and the most versatile way for preparing well-organized, mesoporous, thin films. Among all the different templating approaches, the most widely used for the synthesis of nanostructured porous and high surface area oxides are soft templating (endotemplating) and hard

• directly and clearly correlated to the adopted porogen, but sometimes the template behavior and its effect on pore generation remain unclear. Concerning soft templating, this procedure is related to the use of amphiphilic, low molecular weight surfactants or supramolecular cooperative macromolecules, which

Cantilever bending based on humidity-actuated mesoporous silica/silicon bilayers

• Christian Ganser,
• Gerhard Fritz-Popovski,
• Roland Morak,
• Parvin Sharifi,
• Benedetta Marmiroli,
• Barbara Sartori,
• Heinz Amenitsch,
• Thomas Griesser,
• Christian Teichert and
• Oskar Paris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 637–644, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.56

• Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Austria Chair of Chemistry of Polymeric Materials, Montanuniversitaet Leoben, Austria 10.3762/bjnano.7.56 Abstract We use a soft templating approach in combination with evaporation induced self-assembly to prepare mesoporous films containing

Selective porous gates made from colloidal silica nanoparticles

• Roberto Nisticò,
• Paola Avetta,
• Paola Calza,
• Debora Fabbri,
• Giuliana Magnacca and
• Dominique Scalarone

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2105–2112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.215

• (ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) copolymers as soft-templating agents. Nanoparticles synthesis was carried out in a mixed solvent system. After spin-coating onto a macroporous silicon nitride support, silica nanoparticles were calcined under controlled conditions. An organized nanoporous layer was obtained

• precursor (i.e., tetraethyl orthosilicate, TEOS) and the soft-templating agent (block copolymer), different architectures of the final oxidic material can be achieved [27]. The driving force for self-assembling is the thermodynamic incompatibility of the different blocks in the polymeric chains, which

• behavior has to be ascribed to specific interactions between MB and RNAse or to membrane fouling due to preferential interactions between RNAse and the Si3N4 surface. Conclusion Large-mesopore silica thin films were prepared via soft-templating by using PS-b-PEO block copolymer micelles and were

Synthesis and catalytic applications of combined zeolitic/mesoporous materials

• Jarian Vernimmen,
• Vera Meynen and
• Pegie Cool

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 785–801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.87

• stems of plants [119], have been put forward as relatively inexpensive and abundantly available templates. Soft templating route: When synthesizing combined zeolitic/mesoporous materials by the soft templating route, mesopores are formed by using, in most cases, the same surfactants (MOS/POS) as for

• oxidation of octane and cyclohexane than are Ti-MCM-41 or TS-1. Although various highly active materials have been developed through the soft templating method, in practice it is not clear whether the resulting materials are true hierarchical mesoporous zeolites. Indeed, unambiguous proof regarding this